健康生活｜未雨绸缪？锻炼身体降低患老年痴呆的风险
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一项初步研究表明，体格健康的人比体格不健康的人患老年痴呆症的可能性更小。开始未雨绸缪吗？
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<hr/>「这项研究的一个令人兴奋的发现是,人民的健康,改善老年痴呆症的风险降低,它并不是一个非此即彼的命题。」研究作者Edward Zamrini，华盛顿特区退伍军人医疗中心 (Washington D.C. VA Medical Center)医学博士，美国神经病学学会 (American Academy of Neurology)的成员。「所以人们可以努力在他们的身体健康方面做出渐进的改变和改善，希望这将与多年后患阿尔茨海默病的风险相关降低有关。」
"One exciting finding of this study is that aspeople's fitness improved, their risk of Alzheimer's disease decreased -- it was not an all-or-nothing proposition," said study author Edward Zamrini, MD, of the Washington VA Medical Center in Washington, D.C., and a member of the American Academy of Neurology. "So people can work toward making incremental changes and improvements in their physical fitness and hopefully that will be associated with a related decrease in their risk of Alzheimer's years later."
Photo: Medical News Today
这项研究涉及退伍军人健康管理局 (Veterans Health Administration) 数据库中的 649,605 名退伍军人，他们的平均年龄为 61 岁，平均随访时间为 9 年。他们在研究开始时没有老年痴呆症。
The study involved 649,605 military veterans in the Veterans Health Administration database with an average age of 61 who were followed for an average of nine years. They did not have Alzheimer's disease at the start of the study.
研究人员确定了参与者的心肺健康状况。心肺健康是衡量你的身体如何将氧气输送到你的肌肉，以及你的肌肉在运动过程中吸收氧气的能力。
Researchers determined participants' cardiorespiratory fitness. Cardiorespiratory fitness is a measure of how well your body transports oxygen to your muscles, and how well your muscles are able to absorb oxygen during exercise.
参与者被分成五组，从最不健康到最健康。健康水平是由参与者在跑步机测试中的表现决定的。这个测试测量的是运动能力，一个人能承受的最高体力消耗量。对于中老年人来说，每周每天快走兩个半小时或更多可以达到最高的健康水平。
The participants were divided into five groups, from least fit to most fit. Fitness levels were determined by how well participants did on a treadmill test. This test measures exercise capacity, the highest amount of physical exertion a person can sustain. For people who are middle-aged and older, the highest level of fitness can be achieved by walking briskly most days of the week, for two and a half hours or more per week.
Photo: Verywell Fit
健康水平最低的一组患阿尔茨海默病的几率为每 1000 人/年 9.5 例，而最健康的一组为每 1000 人/年 6.4例。人/年考虑了参与研究的人数以及在研究中花费的时间。随着健康水平的提高，病例率下降，第二不健康组为 8.5，中间组为 7.4，第二最健康组为 7.2。
The group with the lowest level of fitness developed Alzheimer's at a rate of 9.5 cases per 1,000 person-years, compared to 6.4 cases per 1,000 person-years for the most fit group. Person-years take into account the number of people in a study as well as the amount of time spent in the study. The case rate decreased as the level of fitness increased, with a rate of 8.5 for the second least fit group, 7.4 for the middle group and 7.2 for the second most fit group.
当研究人员调整其他可能影响阿尔茨海默病风险的因素时，他们发现最健康的一组人比最不健康的一组人患阿尔茨海默病的可能性低 33%。与最不健康的一组相比，第二健康的一组患病的可能性低 26%，而中间一组患病的可能性低 20%，第二不健康的一组患病的可能性低 13%。
When researchers adjusted for other factors that could affect risk of Alzheimer's disease, they found that the people in the most fit group were 33% less likely to develop Alzheimer's disease than those in the least fit group. The second most fit group was 26% less likely to develop the disease, while the middle group was 20% less likely and those in the second least fit group were 13% less likely to develop the disease than those in the least fit group.
Photo: Bund.gesund.de
Zamrini说：「只要增加运动量，就能降低患阿尔茨海默病的风险，这一想法非常有希望，尤其是目前还没有足够的治疗方法来预防或阻止这种疾病的发展。我们希望发展一种简单的、个性化的量表，这样人们就可以看到，即使是逐步慢慢的改进身体素质，也能带来的好处。」
"The idea that you can reduce your risk for Alzheimer's disease by simply increasing your activity is very promising, especially since there are no adequate treatments to prevent or stop the progression of the disease," Zamrini said. "We hope to develop a simple scale that can be individualized so people can see the benefits that even incremental improvements in fitness can deliver."
该研究的一个局限性是，参与者大多是白人男性，所以结果可能无法推广到其他人群。
A limitation of the study was participants were mostly white men so results may not be generalizable to other populations.
这项研究得到了国家老龄化研究所 (National Institute on Aging)、国家卫生研究院 (National Institutes of Health)、美国退伍军人事务部 (U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs)、华盛顿特区退伍军人医疗中心 (Washington D.C. VA Medical Center)和乔治华盛顿大学 (George Washington University)的支持。
The study was supported by the National Institute on Aging, the National Institutes of Health, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, the Washington D.C. VA Medical Center and George Washington University.
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文章来源：Science Daily资料由美国神经病学学会提供Materials provided by American Academy of Neurology<hr/>⇩ 往期分享 ⇩
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